This Masterclass explores the use of a novel training modality, known as ‘blood flow restriction training’, as a tool for musculoskeletal rehabilitation. It provides an overview of blood flow restriction training, including the underpinning physiology, method of prescription and application, adaptations to training, and safety of this tool. It guides the clinician through an evidenced-based framework on how blood flow restriction training can be optimally programmed and applied through different phases of rehabilitation. Throughout this Masterclass, supporting research and case studies are provided and discussed.