It is important to prevent loss of daily activity following lower leg amputation. Physical therapist commonly recommend resistance training exercises for the below the knee amputation population which include repeated hip/knee - extensor-flexor exercises. In relation to the interplay between cardiovascular regulation and muscle energy metabolism, the increase in exercising leg blood flow (LBF) is directly proportional to the workload performed. The goal of this CEU course is to measure exercising limb circulatory response in amputated and non-amputated lower legs in order to understand the time course in LBF, the relationship between LBF and muscle contraction strength, and how other hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate may be altered. Such evaluation of thigh muscle stump contraction-induced peripheral circulatory dynamics may influence exercise prescription such as muscle contraction intensity and/or frequency.