A clinical finding of impaired self-awareness is often associated with severe brain injury. This aspect of cognitive functioning can present with significant clinical concerns secondary to the behavioral implications of a patient's compromised awareness of the presence and/or severity of impairments arising from brain injury. Such a neurological lack of awareness increases the risks associated with the impairments that exist, and decreases the likelihood of the patient engaging with treatment or complying with necessary recommendations/restrictions. Within this presentation, we will review the aspects of brain anatomy and functioning that are believed to be associated with impaired self-awareness; review the construct of awareness in terms of different levels of awareness (intellectual, emergent, and anticipatory awareness); discuss common methods of clinically assessing awareness after brain injury, and ; discuss aspects of brain injury rehabilitation treatment specific to issues of awareness after brain injury.