Scoliosis is a complex spinal condition characterized by an atypical curvature of the spine. This foundational section aims to provide a thorough overview of scoliosis, focusing on the different types, their prevalences, and the underlying etiologies. Additionally, we will explore the risks associated with the progression of idiopathic scoliosis and review comprehensive scoliosis screening procedures, which will include a practical lab opportunity. Historical perspective, current treatments, and contemporary physical therapy for scoliosis incorporate a multidisciplinary approach. Introduction to Scoliosis Specific Exercise (SSE), is a specialized approach that focuses on exercises specifically designed to address the individual curve, asymmetries, and functional limitations, including 3D exercises, breathing techniques, neuromuscular re-education, and strengthening. A practical lab opportunity will allow participants to apply these principles in 2 key strategies and evaluate motor learning and control. By understanding the historical context, current treatments, and specialized approaches like SSE, physical therapists can more effectively manage scoliosis and improve patient outcomes through targeted, evidence-based interventions. This section will delve into scoliosis in the neuromuscular and degenerative aging adult patients, the 2 types most commonly seen by physical therapists beyond idiopathic. They are unique in their etiology and very variable in their presentation, prognosis, and plan of care. Despite their differences, the foundational three-dimensional principles of assessment and treatment remain essential in managing these conditions.