This course focuses on enhancing diagnostic skills for physical therapists to effectively identify and address non-musculoskeletal or unusual causes of pain. Participants will learn to recognize red and yellow flags and differentiate between musculoskeletal and systemic pathologies. Using real-world case studies, the course emphasizes the integration of patient history, physical examination findings, and diagnostic tools to identify conditions with atypical presentations. Hands-on practice of specific tests and measures will help participants refine their approach to complex cases.